| 1.
AUTHOR | Krogh-C-M-E,
ed. |
| TITLE | Compendium
of pharmaceuticals and specialties. |
| SOURCE | Canadian
Pharmaceutical Association, 29th ed, 1994. |
| |
| 2.
AUTHOR | Gault-D-T. |
| INSTITUTION | Hospital
for Sick Children, London. |
| TITLE | Extravasation
injuries. |
| SOURCE | Br-J-Plast-Surg
1993 Mar, VOL: 46 (2), P: 91-6 |
| ISSN | 0007-1226 |
| ABSTRACT | The
leakage of cytotoxic drugs, intravenous nutrition, solutions of calcium, potassium,
bicarbonate and even 10% dextrose outside the vein into which they are delivered
is known not only to cause skin necrosis but also to precipitate significant scarring
around tendons, nerves and joints. In this review of 96 patients with extravasation
injuries seen between 1987 and 1992 at St Thomas' Hospital, Mount Vernon Hospital
and The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, several patients required
extensive reconstruction and in some, despite this, extravasation injury has rendered
a limb virtually useless. Two techniques, liposuction and saline flushout, are
described to remove extravasated material while conserving the overlying skin.
Analysis of flushout material confirmed that the extravasated material was actually
being removed. Forty four of the study group in whom noxious materials were known
to have extravasated underwent such early treatment. The results in this group
were quite striking--the majority (86%) healed without any soft tissue loss at
all. The early referral and treatment of extravasation injuries is, therefore,
recommended. Author.
|
| |
| 3. AUTHOR | Semple-P,
Booth-C. |
| TITLE | Calcium
chloride; a reminder (letter). |
| SOURCE | Anaesthesia
1996 Jan, VOL: 51 (1), P: 93 |
| ISSN | 0003-2409 |
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